As an audio enthusiast or a music producer, you may have come across the term “sidechaining”, but getting a clear understanding of the concept can sometimes be challenging.
What is sidechaining? Essentially, it’s a method utilized in audio processing to adjust the level of one audio signal based on the volume of another.
This technique has various applications and can significantly influence the overall sound of your mixes.
The ability to control one item’s behavior based on another not only sounds fascinating but also plays a key role in managing different sounds within an audio mix.
It provides you with concrete ways to articulate how your tracks interact with each other, thus enabling you to maximize audio impact in every project.
So, let’s dive deeper into this intriguing world of sidechaining, unravel its complexities, and find out how it can enhance overall output in music production.
What Is a Compressor?
A compressor is essentially an automatic volume control, which either softens or amplifies the sound based on the set thresholds.
Compression is a crucial tool in audio engineering, extensively used in music production, live sound, and broadcasting.
It’s designed to stabilize dynamics and help specific instruments blend well with each other, enhancing the overall audibility of your mix.
The main parameters of a compressor include a threshold (the level above which the signal gets compressed), ratio (degree of compression), attack (how quickly compression starts), release (how quickly it ceases), and, often, gain control to make up for lost volume.
What is Sidechaining?
Sidechaining is an advanced audio processing technique where the output of one track adjusts the volume of another.
It involves linking a compressor on one track to an incoming signal from another track.
When the input signal surpasses a certain threshold, it provokes compression on the linked track.
This results in dynamic interaction between two or more tracks, often creating what’s known as a ‘pumping effect’.
One common and classic use of sidechain compression is within dance music, where a sustaining bassline is made to ‘duck’ whenever a kick drum hits – thus ensuring clarity and enhancing the rhythm.
Despite its technicality, the concept becomes intuitive with a little practice, creating exciting possibilities for great fleshed-out mixes.
So, while sidechaining might seem complex at first glance, remember: it’s simply a tool for making room in your mix by controlling one sound with another.
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Evolution of Sidechain Compression
Initially, compressors were not primarily designed with sidechain capabilities. They were just devices that controlled an audio signal’s dynamic range for a more consistent listening experience.
The evolution of music production, however, necessitated the birth and refinement of sidechain compression.
As time progressed, music engineers discovered that by sending another audio signal into the compressor’s detection circuit (the sidechain), they could control how much compression was applied to the main audio based on this second signal.
This innovative technique was revolutionary at the time and laid the foundation for what we now know as sidechaining.
Over the years, sidechaining has transformed from just a method to prevent audio clipping in broadcasting to becoming an indispensable tool in shaping the overall groove and bounce in modern music production.
Early applications were mainly observed in radio, where DJs used it to ensure their voiceover was always above background music levels (ducking).
Eventually, electronic dance music (EDM) embraced this technique and popularized it.
The quintessential “pumping” effect associated with EDM is predominantly due to sidechain compression between a kick drum and other elements of the mix like basslines and synths.
Nowadays, software plugins make implementing sidechain compression easier than ever before.
Being armed with this historical knowledge allows us to appreciate the objectives and mechanics behind our modern-day usage of this powerful mixing tool.
It’s always crucial to remember why sidechaining arose as it guides us when applying it constructively in our mixes today.
Differences between Internal Sidechain Filters and external Sidechain Inputs
Sidechaining can be done in two ways – by utilizing internal sidechain filters or using external sidechain inputs.
Although operating on the same fundamental principle, there are noticeable distinctions between the two.
Internal Sidechain Filters
An internal sidechain filter enables you to determine the frequencies that should activate compression.
It limits the range of frequencies that need to be considered for compression by defining an ‘all-pass,’ ‘high-pass,’ or ‘bandpass’ filter.
Thus, it focuses on particular frequencies within the audio signal, deserving attention.
Here are its key characteristics:
- Emphasizes specific frequency bands.
- Simple and easy to use – fewer adjustments required.
- Ideal for tasks where frequency selection is crucial, such as de-using vocals.
External Sidechain Inputs
On the other hand, an external sidechain input accepts an external source signal which triggers the compressor instead of the direct audio signal.
It allows one track’s dynamics to control the compression applied to another track, broadening your range of creative controls.
Some unique attributes of external sidechains include:
- Provides inter-track dynamic control.
- More complex and versatile – can manipulate according to desired outcomes.
- Useful for rhythmic ducking effects in electronic dance music (EDM) or radio broadcast mixing where voice overrides background music.
As you can see from these descriptions, both methods provide different types of audio control depending on your specific needs and requirements.
Before deciding which method works best for you, it is advisable to experiment with both options and understand how each one influences your audio output.
One technique may work better in some circumstances than others; thus having a sound knowledge of these differences becomes vital if you want to create a professional-level end product.
Also Read: What Is Audio Clipping? [Digital Clipping Vs Analog Clipping]
Uses for Sidechain Compression
There’s a myriad of uses for sidechain compression in sound production. From enriching the overall mix to adding creative flairs, your options are plentiful.
Here are five popular techniques often employed by music producers:
Ducking
Ducking is the process of decreasing the volume level of one sound to make room for another.
It is most commonly used in radio and TV broadcasts, where music volume is dipped whenever a voice-over begins speaking.
In music production, ducking plays an integral role in providing clarity and contrast between different elements within a song.
Bass Ducking
Speaking specifically about bass ducking, it’s a widely used technique that allows kicks and basses to coexist without eating into each other’s frequency space.
In a musical mix where both the kick drum and bass are more dominant, sidechain compression permits the bass to ‘duck’ under the kick, ensuring that both sounds don’t overlap and cause muddiness or distortion.
EDM-Style Pumping
Sidechaining has been embraced wholeheartedly by Electric Dance Music (EDM) producers as well.
The infamous ‘pumping’ or ‘breathing’ effect typically heard in these genres is achieved through heavy sidechain compression.
In this case, the compressor ‘ducks’ most of the sounds every time the kick hits, creating a rhythmic pulsating effect that gives dance tracks an energetic vibe.
Frequency-Dependent Compression
In advanced scenarios like frequency-dependent compression, sidechaining can be extremely beneficial as well.
Also known as multiband sidechain compression, it is utilized when only certain frequencies of an audio signal need to be compressed instead of the whole signal.
An instance would be ducking just the lower frequencies of a synth pad when a bass guitar plays—it keeps your low end uncluttered while allowing the higher frequencies of the synth pad to sustain normally.
De-Essing
Lastly, ‘de-essing’ is another broadly used technique that relies on sidechain compression.
De-essing means reducing the harsh ‘s’ sounds (or ‘sibilance’) from vocal recordings.
A de-esser uses sidechain compression tuned to a narrow high-frequency band where most sibilance lies and compresses this frequency range when it exceeds a certain threshold.
Sidechain compression presents numerous possibilities for contouring your audio mix and creating unique audible experiences.
While mastering these techniques requires some practice, understanding the concept behind sidechain compression is your first step into this remarkable facet of sound production!
Sidechaining Kick and Bass
In normal circumstances, the bass and the kick drum will typically conflict with each other due to their frequency range.
To let them sound clear without clashing, sidechaining is an effective method to use.
To implement this, you add a compressor to your bass track, with the kick drum acting as the trigger.
Thus, every time the kick sounds, compression on your bass track is activated, which reduces its volume just for that moment, allowing the kick drum to punch through cleanly.
Steps
- Apply a compressor on your bass track.
- Click on the sidechain input option on the compressor.
- Choose your kick drum track as the input source.
- Set a threshold so that every hit of a kick makes compression occur.
- Adjust attack time to make it fast enough so that it responds immediately every time your kick hits.
Faster release times can give you tighter control over how long the ducking effect lasts but too fast may result in distortion or pumping effects.
Also Read: What Is Reverb? [An In-Depth Guide For Audio Enthusiasts]
Sidechaining Kick and Keys/Synths
For getting a clear rhythm in modern dance music, sidechain compression can be utilized between kick drums and keys/synths (or any harmonically rich instrument).
This technique creates a rhythmic swelling effect, adding groove to your mix by making keys or synths “pumping” in sync with kicks.
Steps
- Apply a compressor on the keys/synths track.
- Select your kick drum track as sidechain input.
- Set threshold so when kick hits, compression occurs thereby lowering synth volume momentarily.
- Use faster attack times for immediate response after each kick hit and medium (50-100ms) release times for creating a rhythmic pumping effect.
Avoiding too fast release times here is crucial as it could create unwanted “clicks” or distortions.
Sidechaining Vocals
In recordings, frequently the vocals are the principal focus. To ensure that they are not buried by other instruments, especially in busy mixes, use sidechain compression.
Often lead vocals can be side-chained to guitars, keys/synth, or other mid-frequency instruments facilitating space for the vocal to shine through whenever it’s active without making other elements too quiet overall.
Steps
- Just like before, apply a compressor on tracks that compete with vocals.
- Choose your vocal track as the sidechain input.
- set threshold and attack time so when the vocalist sings, the clashing instrument is compressed and ducked down just enough to let your vocal stand out.
I hope this breakdown demystifies the concept of sidechaining for you. Not only does this technique allow individual tracks in your mix to have their own “space,” but it also brings dynamic movement adding an extra bit of life into your productions.
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How Do You Use a Sidechain Compressor?
Sidechain compression involves using the signal from one source to trigger the compressor on another. Here are some steps you can take to make this happen:
- Step 1: Open your DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) and select two tracks you want to engage in sidechain compression. Usually, these will be a ‘key’ track (kicks, snares, basslines) and an ‘accompanying’ track where compression will be applied.
- Step 2: On the accompanying track, insert a compressor plugin. Most compressor plugins have an option labeled as “sidechain,” “SC,” or something similar.
- Step 3: After you’ve inserted the plugin, you’ll need to route the key track’s output into it. The method varies depending on the DAW you’re using; just ensure that you consult your DAW’s manual.
- Step 4: Now comes adjustments. You may have to adjust the threshold, ratio, attack, and release till you get your desired effect. It’s all about playing around and trusting your ears.
While using the sidechain compression technique on multiple tracks simultaneously can seem complicated at first blush, with practice and experimentation, it becomes second nature- bringing innovation to your audio!
Best Sidechain Compression Plugins
Choosing the right compression plugin is extremely vital for achieving that perfect, professional-grade mix.
After all, it’s your tool to create the rhythmic pulse or dynamism your track needs to stand out.
Here, let’s explore some of the top sidechain compression plugins available today.
1. Cableguys VolumeShaper 6
Cableguys VolumeShaper 6 is one plugin that truly stands out thanks to its precise control over volume. It provides versatile options ranging from subtle transitions to extreme effects.
With this tool, you can draw LFO waveforms by hand or choose presets designed for various sidechain effects.
Its multi-band functionality allows you to apply different volume curves in up to four frequency ranges—delivering excellent control over your mixes’ dynamics.
Noteworthy Features:
- Detailed level envelope editing
- Split band processing
- MIDI triggering & on-screen MIDI keyboard controls
2. FabFilter Pro-C 2
Pro-C 2 from FabFilter is a high-quality compressor plugin known for its flexible signal routing functionalities and unique features like look-ahead and knee settings, which can make a pivotal difference in sound design.
Offering eight different compression styles for multiple audio handling needs and a beautiful interface displaying real-time visual feedback about your compression settings, this Pro-C 2 truly facilitates creative sound design decisions.
Noteworthy Features:
- Auto Release Control
- Range Setting
- External Side Chain Triggering
3. Waves Factory Trackspacer
Waves Factory Trackspacer creates space in the mix by carving the frequencies that the main track requires into another track in real-time as per the set ratio.
A highly efficient and easy-to-use plugin, it simplifies any potential frequency-clashing challenges you might face.
Noteworthy Features:
- Sidechain audio filter
- High-precision peak limiter
- Automatic gain compensation
4. Devious Machines Duck
The Duck by Devious Machines swiftly simplifies rhythmic, volume-modulating tasks, freeing you up creatively to focus on composition.
With this plugin, you can create perfectly timed transitions, laser-focused volume dips, or build tension by moving through timed stages rather than jumping straight in—adding depth to your sonic creations.
Noteworthy Features:
- Instant sidechain pumping
- LFO shapes & digital clipper
- Preset saving options
5. W.A. Production Dodge Pro
Another gem for your sidechain toolkit is Dodge Pro by W.A. Production. This multifaceted plugin is perfect for volume automation of bass lines, kicks, percussion loops, and more.
It also provides a breadth of pre-designed effects ready for your tracks—massively boosting productivity.
Noteworthy Features:
- Quick-access waveform display
- Three modes: Classic Volume Ducking Mode, Sequencer mode, or MIDI-triggered mode
- Variety of preset shapes
Now that we have uncovered these five impressive sidechain compression plugins—experiment, explore, and let these tools shape your unique sonic creations!
Because in music production—like most art forms—the trick lies not just in mastering the right tools but unlocking their creative potential as well!
FAQs About Sidechain Compression
What does Sidechain mean in music production?
Sidechaining in music production refers to the technique where one audio channel is used to control the behavior of another, usually through a compressor or gate.
Why is Sidechain Compression used in EDM?
Sidechain compression is used in EDM to create a rhythmic ‘pumping’ effect which gives space to the kick drum and establishes a powerful rhythmic groove.
How does sidechaining improve sound clarity?
Sidechaining can help improve clarity by creating space for different elements in a mix, preventing frequencies from clashing and allowing each element to shine through clearly.
Can I apply sidechain compression on vocals?
Yes, applying sidechain compression on vocals, especially when they coincide with other prominent elements like the kick drum, can help make the vocals stand out and contribute to a cleaner mix.
Is there any flexibility when using sidechain compression?
Absolutely! You can adjust various parameters such as threshold, ratio, attack, release, and others according to your artistic choices and desired sound goals while utilizing sidechain compression.
Conclusion
Understanding and effectively implementing sidechaining can truly elevate your audio production quality.
Whether it’s EDM-style pumping, bass ducking, or vocal enhancement – the creative uses of sidechaining are vast.
Remember, like any tool, the key lies in subtlety and understanding how to use it to serve your musical vision.
So keep exploring, experimenting, and innovating with sidechain compression.
Be patient with the process and trust me; you’ll soon realize how indispensable this production technique is for achieving a balanced, transparent, and dynamic mix.
